Sculpturing the Earth Into Art Site Work Company Virginia
"I want to get under the surface. When I work with a leaf, rock, stick, it is not just that material in itself, it is an opening into the processes of life within and around it. When I leave it, these processes continue."
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"When a finished work of 20th century sculpture is placed in an 18th century garden, information technology is absorbed by the platonic representation of the by, thus reinforcing political and social values that are no longer with us."
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"A work of art when placed in a gallery loses its accuse, and becomes a portable object or surface disengaged from the outside globe."
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"My work has get a simple metaphor of life. A figure walking downwardly his road, making his mark. Information technology is an affirmation of my man scale and senses."
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"It is a very desolate area, but it is totally accessible, and it can be easily visited, making Sun Tunnels more accessible really than art in museums. Eventually, equally many people will run into Sun Tunnels every bit would see many works in a city - in a museum anyway."
"I experience that the need to expect at the sky - at the moon and the stars - is very bones, and it is within all of united states. So when I say my work is an exteriorization of my own inner reality, I mean I am giving back to people through art what they already have in them."
"Every skillful piece of work should have at least ten meanings."
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"You could say that my work is besides a balance between the patterns of nature and the formalism of human, abstract ideas similar lines and circles. It is where my human characteristics come across the natural forces and patterns of the globe, and that is really the kind of subject of my piece of work."
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"If you want to see the Pieta, you get to Italia. To see the Great Wall, you go to People's republic of china. My work isn't conceptual art, it's sculpture. You just take to go see it."
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Summary of Earth Art
World art, also referred to every bit Land art or Earthworks, is largely an American movement that uses the natural landscape to create site-specific structures, art forms, and sculptures. The motility was an outgrowth of Conceptualism and Minimalism: the ancestry of the environmental movement and the rampant commoditization of American art in the late 1960s influenced ideas and works that were, to varying degrees, divorced from the fine art marketplace. In add-on to the monumentality and simplicity of Minimalist objects, the artists were drawn to the humble everyday materials of Arte Povera and the participatory "social sculptures" of Joseph Beuys that stressed performance and inventiveness in any environment.
Key Ideas & Accomplishments
- The favored materials for Earthworks were those that could be extracted directly from nature, such as stones, water, gravel, and soil. Influenced by prehistoric artworks such every bit Stonehenge, Earth artists left their structures exposed to the elements. The resulting ephemerality and eventual disintegration of the works put them outside of the mainstream where works of fine art were typically coddled and protected in controlled environments.
- Earth artists often utilized materials that were available at the site on which their works were synthetic and placed, honoring the specificity of the site. Locales were commonly chosen for particular reasons. Robert Smithson, for example, picked damaged sites for his works in order to suggest renewal and rebirth. This idea of site-specificity was something introduced to the fine art world past World art, again placing the artists at the vanguard because their pieces oftentimes required wide, open up spaces, meaning that many of their works were not available to the average viewer and thus questioned the very purpose of art as something to be viewed.
- The rejection of traditional gallery and museum spaces defined Earth art exercise. By creating their works outside of these institutions, Globe artists rebuffed the commodity status these venues conferred on fine art, again challenging traditional definitions of art as something to be bought and sold for turn a profit.
Overview of Globe Art
"In my Land art dealing with astronomical phenomena, I am putting 'centers of the universe' wherever I become," Nancy Holt said. Her Sun Tunnels in the desert of Utah were meant, she said, "to make people conscious of the cyclical time of the universe."
Key Artists
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Robert Smithson was an American artist best known for his innovations in Land and World Art. Smithson'due south large-calibration projects employed earth and other natural resource to construct works that both manipulated and preserved the natural landscape. His most famous piece of work is Spiral Jetty in Utah, constructed entirely from basalt, world and table salt.
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Walter de Maria is an American sculptor, composer, and multi-media artist whose best known piece of work is The Lightning Field (1977), consisting of 400 lightning rods situated on a field in New Mexico.
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Andy Goldsworthy creates site-specific, delicate, and intricate Excavation. He oftentimes uses photography to capture his nature-based artworks at their apexes.
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Michael Heizer is an American artist who specializes in Land art installations and environments. Heizer'due south most historic pieces are Excavation that rely on the alteration but ultimate preservation of the natural landscape, such as Double Negative (1969), in which Heizer cut a 1500-human foot long trench into a mesa in the Nevada desert.
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Nancy Holt is all-time known for working with Earth fine art, Installation art, and large-scale public sculpture. After her artist husband Robert Smithson died in 1973, Holt turned her focus on her own fine art and created the seminal Sunday Tunnels.
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Much of Richard Long's work is considered a response to the natural environments he enters, incorporating mixed-media and various not-fine art elements such as landscape, rock, maps, and text.
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Maya Lin is a Chinese-American sculptor, landscape artist and installation creative person. Lin will likely exist remembered nearly for designing the Vietnam War Memorial in Washington, D.C., a commission she won at the age of 21 and while still an undergraduate student.
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James Turrell is an American artist whose works are primarily concerned with light and space. He is best known for 'Roden Crater', a project he began in 1979. For the work, Turrell is transforming this natural cinder volcanic crater into a massive naked-eye observatory.
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Ana Mendieta was a Cuban-American functioning creative person who created work in the late twentieth century focusing on violence against the female body, as well every bit pieces involving a close connection with nature and the landscape.
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Dennis Oppenheim advanced the definition of fine art - as idea, intervention, fleeting moment, big monument - in his many creative works.
Do Non Miss
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Environmental Art refers to art dealing with ecological bug in the aethetic, formal, the political, the historical, or the social context. Beginning associated with Earth art, the expanding term of Environmental Fine art also encompasses the scope of the urban mural.
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Post-Minimalism refers to a range of fine art practices that emerged in the wake of Minimalism in the late 1960s, such as Body art, Operation, Process art, Site-Specific fine art, and aspects of Conceptual fine art. Some artists created art objects that do non have the representational office of traditional sculpture, objects that ofttimes have a strong material presence; others reacted against Minimalism's impersonality, and reintroduced emotionally expressive qualities.
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Conceptual fine art describes an influential move that showtime emerged in the mid-1960s and prized ideas over the formal or visual components of traditional works of fine art. The artists ofttimes challenged old concepts such equally beauty and quality; they too questioned the conventional means by which the public consumed art; and they rejected the conventional art object in favor of diverse mediums, ranging from maps and diagrams to texts and videos.
Important Fine art and Artists of Earth Art
A Line Fabricated By Walking (1967)
Made while Richard Long was a pupil in London, A Line Made By Walking documents a work he created as he walked dorsum and along across the same path in Wiltshire. Here, Long emphasizes the experiential factor of nature through the act of walking and the temporal factor involved in creative practice, while also having an touch on on the land. The bailiwick matter is the interaction of the journeying, marking the ground, and making a unproblematic adjustment to the landscape. With its simple, geometric shape and minimal intervention on the site, the piece of work is also reminiscent of - and perhaps influential to - later Minimalist works such every bit Richard Serra's To Encircle Base Plate Hexagram, Right Plates Inverted (1970). Like nearly Earthworks, the piece is site specific and ephemeral. The photographs certificate the piece of work's temporary existence, merely do not solely constitute the piece of work itself. While the photographs simply mark the performance of the work, the documentation process was sometimes important to artists working in Earth art, as it was often the only way to evidence the creation of the work. The piece of work was groundbreaking in its utter simplicity and ephemerality as it would have been invisible within hours or days as nature would have taken its class, thus also making the piece useless as a commodity object.
Double Negative (1969-70)
In 1969, with financial aid from Virginia Dwan, Michael Heizer began this massive work that cut 240,000 tons of rhyolite and sandstone from cliffs to create ii trenches on the eastern edges of the Mormon Mesa, northwest of Overton, Nevada. Equally few could visit the site afterwards the work'due south completion, Heizer documented the production of the piece of work in photographs and exhibited them at the Dwan Gallery in New York. With Double Negative, Heizer enacts a heroic gesture by removing world from its site, forcing a contemplation of the manmade processes that constitute the artwork and the natural, physical elements that exist outside of it. He places Double Negative straight in the context of fine art history and architecture, touching upon megalithic ancient monuments likewise equally modern feats of technology in the industrial age. Although the work required a bully deal of labor, it consists of negative space; information technology is basically a i,500-foot-long canyon into which a viewer would enter to be surrounded on iii sides by 50-foot walls of earth. Its site-specificity and remoteness are typical of Earth art, every bit few viewers would be able to visit information technology. Its presence in the open air of the desert also means that it is bailiwick to the environment and will eventually atomize. Connecting the work to Minimalism is its simplicity of design, the importance of the kinesthetic response of the viewer to its meaning, and its awe-inspiring size that was meant to overwhelm the spectator, which, much similar Ronald Bladen's X (1967-68), makes them feel their smallness within the immensity of nature (and the work of art).
Spiral Jetty (1970)
Realized in April 1970, Robert Smithson'south Screw Jetty is one of the nigh recognizable works from the Earth fine art movement. Smithson constructed a 1,500-foot-long and fifteen-foot-wide spiral fabricated of stones, algae, and other organic materials (6,000 tons in all) in the northeastern part of Utah'south Great Salt Lake. The Ace Gallery of Vancouver and Dwan financed an earth-moving company to create the spiral out of basalt rock and earth from the surrounding area. In 1972, when the water level rose, the piece of work became submerged. Thirty years later, every bit the lake's water levels changed, Spiral Jetty became visible again, revealing the basalt rock crusted over with white salt. The work was inspired by the Pre-Columbian structure Serpent Mound, which Smithson had seen on a site visit in Ohio. Spiral Jetty and Smithson's body of work equally a whole were typical of Earth fine art in their protest against the commodification of the art market since information technology was impossible to purchase or sell the work. The physical mutability and fifty-fifty invisibility of the work resulting from natural processes, such equally water currents and erosion, were essential to its meaning. As a work of art that was not only remote, simply also at times incommunicable to view because of the forces of nature, Spiral Jetty is i of the best examples of Earth art and also underscores the movement's roots in Conceptualism.
Useful Resources on World Art
Books
websites
articles
video clips
Content compiled and written by The Art Story Contributors
Edited and published by The Art Story Contributors
"Earth Fine art Movement Overview and Analysis". [Net]. . TheArtStory.org
Content compiled and written by The Art Story Contributors
Edited and published past The Art Story Contributors
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Commencement published on 17 Jun 2015. Updated and modified regularly
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Source: https://www.theartstory.org/movement/earth-art/
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